Category Archives: Risk

Looking back at 2020 from Mama Mboga’s eyes: The Pandemic as Natural Disaster

By Niti Bhan | Published: December 4, 2020

I am moved today by my work to look back at this agonizingly long year of separations and losses and delays for peoples around the world. Uncertainty and complexity have both increased, and economic volatility has become the order of the day, regardless of the development status of the region or location. More people in […]

Also posted in Africa, African Consumer Market, Analysis, Base of the Pyramid, Biashara Economics, Consumer Behaviour, East African Community, Economy, Ecosystem, Frugality, Kenya, Mama Biashara, Marchés africains, Marketing, Perspective, Retail in Africa, Scarcity, Strategy, Sub Saharan Africa, urban, User research | Tagged endurance, farm to fork, food security, informal economy, informal urban food system, mama mboga, nairobi, precarious, remoteresilienceproject, resilience, stoic, vcd | Leave a comment

Chinese investments in African tech will transform the fintech landscape

By Niti Bhan | Published: October 20, 2018

A recent article brought to my attention this report on the pattern of funding experienced by fintech startups in East Africa and India with rather damning results. 90 percent of the capital invested by “Silicon Valley-style” investors went to startups, technically in East Africa, with one or more North American or European founders. These results […]

Also posted in Africa, African Consumer Market, Airtime, Alternative currency, Analysis, Assumption filter, Banking, Business, Business Models, Cashless transactions, China, Commerce en ligne (e-commerce), Compétitivité, Economy, Ecosystem, Emerging Markets, Flexibility, Loans, Marchés africains, Marketing, Mobile platform, Perspective, Platforms, Strategy, Sub Saharan Africa, Systems, Technology, Value | Tagged china, dfs, digital financial solutions, financial inclusion, fintech, funding, silicon valley, startups, technology, venture capital | Leave a comment

One (last) word: Plastics

By Niti Bhan | Published: July 10, 2018

A UN report issued on World Environment day showed dozens of nations acting to cut plastic, including a ban on plastic bags in Kenya, on styrofoam in Sri Lanka and the use of biodegradable bags in China. via There’s a backlash against plastics that is ongoing in many not so noticed parts of the world […]

Also posted in Analysis, Business Models, China, Consumer Behaviour, Culture, Design, Emerging Futures, global, India, Innovation Planning, Strategy, Systems, Technology | Tagged china, europe, india, oil, plastic, reculture, single use plastic, waste | Leave a comment

How do we make a business case for an innovative concept given the data scarcity for the African mass market?

By Niti Bhan | Published: March 12, 2018

Anzetse Were writes some thoughtful points on the challenges facing private sector innovation in Kenya, and Africa. Two of her points caught my attention, in particular: With regards to the private sector, an interesting point raised is that innovation targeting it must have a business case for adoption otherwise the innovation won’t be absorbed. Innovation […]

Also posted in Africa, African Consumer Market, Analysis, Business, Consumer Behaviour, Design, Emerging Markets, Innovation Planning, Marchés africains, Marketing, Perspective, Prepaid Economy & Informal Sector, Retail in Africa, Sub Saharan Africa | Tagged African Consumer Market, consumer insights, data, innovation, market analysis, marketing strategy, pricing | Leave a comment

Is Your Product Ready for Africa? Why Kigali’s “Smart” Project Faces an Unforeseen Challenge

By Niti Bhan | Published: October 18, 2017

However, KTRN boss agreed that they share responsibility since they never conducted a profound market research to determine whether the gadgets are compatible with African weather. “We sincerely didn’t realize that the weather would affect the gadgets”~ Public Buses Wi-fi: Harsh Weather, Incompatible Gadgets Interrupt Kigali’s ‘Smart’ Project, KT Press, 16th October 2017 This isn’t […]

Also posted in Africa, African Consumer Market, Analysis, Assumption filter, Design, East African Community, Emerging Markets, Innovation Planning, Marchés africains, Perspective, Research, Strategy, Sub Saharan Africa, Technology, User research | Tagged africa, design for emerging markets, environment, feasibility, ICT, industrial design, Kigali, product design, robust, rwanda, Smart City, wifi | Leave a comment

Fundamental Elements of Informal Sector Commercial Activity

By Niti Bhan | Published: July 28, 2017

There are two key elements which underpin the dynamics of any business or commercial enterprise in the informal sector. These are Time and Money. A generalized framework can be diagrammed, as shown above, where the dotted line denotes the degree of uncertainty and volatility of an individual’s cash flow patterns – whether from a variety […]

Also posted in African Consumer Market, Analysis, Assumption filter, Base of the Pyramid, Biashara Economics, Business Models, Economy, Ecosystem, Emerging Markets, Flexibility, Frameworks, global, Income, Informal & Flexible, Migrant worker, Prepaid Economy & Informal Sector, Projects and Reports, Research, Rural Economy, South Asia, Strategy, Sub Saharan Africa, User research | Tagged biashara, biashara economics, flexibility, framework, informal business, informal economy, money, people, pesa, place, planning, predictability, time, uncertainty | Leave a comment

Financial Behaviour Patterns Observed Among Households in Rural Informal Economy in Asia

By Niti Bhan | Published: July 24, 2017

This is the original working paper of the research conducted on rural household financial management, in developing country conditions, pioneering the use of methods from human centered design for discovery, during Nov 2008 to March 2009, aka the Prepaid Economy Project. It was peer reviewed by Brett Hudson Matthews, and I have incorporated his comments into […]

Also posted in African Consumer Market, Airtime, Alternative currency, Analysis, ASEAN, Assumption filter, Banking, Base of the Pyramid, Biashara Economics, Business Models, Cashless transactions, Cattle, Consumer Behaviour, Design, Economy, Ecosystem, Emerging Markets, Flexibility, FMCG, Frameworks, global, Income, India, Indigenous & Traditional, Informal & Flexible, Innovation Planning, Livestock, Marchés africains, Marketing, Migrant worker, Mobile platform, Philipines, Platforms, Prepaid Economy & Informal Sector, Process, Projects and Reports, Research, Retail in Africa, rural, Rural Economy, Savings, Scarcity, South Asia, Strategy, Sub Saharan Africa, Systems, User research | Tagged asean, biashara economics, bottom of the pyramid, cash based markets, design research for development, financial management, household finance, india, informal economy, irregular incomes, philippines, prepaid, prepaid business model, prepaid economy, research, rural economy, seasonality, south asia, The prepaid economy | Leave a comment

How the African movable assets bill can unleash innovation opportunities for the rural economy

By Niti Bhan | Published: May 13, 2017

As Kenya joins Zambia and Zimbabwe in ratifying a Movable Property Security Rights Act, there’s a sense that the floodgates to innovation in access to finance might be taking place in rural Africa, south of the Sahara and north of South Africa. Kenya’s law also goes beyond the cows and goats and allows a borrower […]

Also posted in Africa, African Consumer Market, Alternative currency, Biashara Economics, Business, Business Models, Cashless transactions, Cattle, Consumer Behaviour, Design, East African Community, Ecosystem, Emerging Markets, FMCG, Income, Innovation Planning, Kenya, Livestock, Loans, Mama Biashara, Marketing, Mobile platform, Perspective, Prepaid Economy & Informal Sector, Research, Rural Economy, Scarcity, Strategy, Sub Saharan Africa, Systems, Tanzania, Technology, UCSD, Uganda, User research, Value | Tagged access to finance, africa, biashara economics, complex, design, design for complex adaptive systems, design planning, disruption, East Africa, economic ecosystems, informal economy, innovation, kenya, movable assets, opportunity, rural economy, systems approach, systems thinking | Leave a comment

The dangerous assumption that there’s no competition from the informal sector

By Niti Bhan | Published: January 29, 2017

In addition, the informal economy of open street markets still dominates 90% of retail in large countries like Nigeria and Kenya, meaning it’s a near safe bet there’s plenty of room to grow. ~ Quartz Africa, Jan 2017 Failure is a risk, and an inescapable function of the amount of resources invested, not just money. […]

Also posted in African Consumer Market, Assumption filter, Biashara Economics, Compétitivité, Consommateurs, Consumer Behaviour, Ecosystem, Ghana, Informal & Flexible, Innovation Planning, Kenya, Marchés africains, Marketing, Nigeria, Perspective, Prepaid Economy & Informal Sector, Retail in Africa, Strategy, Sub Saharan Africa, urban, User research | Tagged African Consumer Market, assumptions, biashara, informal economy, retail | Leave a comment

Insights on the psychology of cash money – Demonetization vs Financial Inclusion

By Niti Bhan | Published: November 17, 2016

The flurry of commentary on the Great Indian Demonetization of November 2016 has thrown up some nuggets of insight worth considering more deeply. Santosh Desai explores the psychology of cash money in the Times of India blog, linking the need for tangible evidence of income to physical labour, as opposed to those of us with […]

Also posted in Alternative currency, Banking, Base of the Pyramid, Cashless transactions, Consumer Behaviour, Culture, Income, India, Indigenous & Traditional, Mobile platform, Perspective, Savings, Sub Saharan Africa, Technology, User research | Tagged africa, biashara, cash, cashless, demonetization, digital currency, india, mobile money, psychology | Leave a comment